Fennel is the common name of Foeniculum vulgare species, from Umbelliferae family.
Also known as: sweet fennel, sweet cumin.
Fennel leaves are needle-like
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Features of Fennel
Height to 72 inches. Spread to 18 inches. Zone 4-10. Perennial.
anise-scented, feathery, fine leaf.
clustered, tiny, umbel, yellow flower in summer.
Growing Fennel
- by root division during autumn.
- by seed during spring. Optimal temperature between 56-70F (13-21C).
- growth: Do not grow near dill, coriander, cilantro, and tomatoes.
- pest: aphids may infest the plant.
- thinning: 20 inches apart.
- transplant: 20 inches apart.
- trimming: If not saving for seeds, deadhead flowers to get better leaf production.
One of the oldest cultivated plants, fennel was used by ancient Greeks to treat a range of illnesses.
Warriors were said to take fennel for health, while ladies ate it to prevent obesity.
Fennel is noted for its anise-like flavour, and can be harvested year round.
The whole plant can be eaten from its leaves to the root and seeds.
Leaves are best used when young, as they tend to become tough as they get older.
Aromatic seeds are used in baked goods, while sprouted seeds make a good addition to salads.
Using Fennel
Cosmetic
Infusion
Use a mild infusion as an eye bath. (Use seed)
Steam
Use in facial steams. (Use seed, leaf)
Culinary
Fish and seafood
Combine well with oily fish such as sardines, mackerels, and salmons. (Use seed, leaf)
Meat
Use in "five spice mix" for meat. Also used to flavour sausages, such as the sauerkraut and finocchinona. (Use seed)
Salad
Add chopped leaves and young stems to salads. (Use leaf, stem)
Starches
Use in bread. (Use seed)
Medicinal
Medicine
Chew seeds to freshen breath. (Use seed)
Medicine
Decoct as a gargle for sore throats. (Use seed)
Tea
Infuse as a tea to relieve constipation and flatulence, and also support digestion. (Use seed)
Tea
An infusion of fennel seeds may increase breast milk production in nursing mothers. (Use seed)
Traditional Remedies
- Respiratory » sore throat
- Digestive » indigestion, constipation, colic, colic
- Other » detoxification, bad breath, breast milk production
Traditional remedies may or may not be supported by scientific evidences.
Cautions
- Conditions » Not suitable during pregnancy.
- Please consult with your doctor before using fennel for health related purposes.
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